The first-line treatment for newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes typically includes which approach?

The first-line treatment for newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes is metformin. This medication is preferred due to several reasons. Metformin is effective at lowering blood glucose levels primarily by reducing hepatic glucose production and increasing insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues. It also has a favorable side effect profile and is associated with weight neutrality or modest weight loss, which is beneficial because many patients with type 2 diabetes struggle with obesity.

In addition to its effectiveness, metformin has a long track record of safety, cost-effectiveness, and a positive impact on cardiovascular health. This makes it the go-to option when initiating treatment in individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Other medications like insulin, acarbose, and sulfonylureas are used in specific circumstances or when metformin is insufficient to control blood glucose levels, but they are not the primary choice upon initial diagnosis.